The lateral septum joins to the lateral lip of the linea aspera and the medial and anterior septa attach to the medial lip. The deep aspect of fascia lata produces three intermuscular septa which attach centrally to the femur. Attachments are made at bony prominences around the knee including the femoral and tibial condyles, patella, head of fibula and the tibial tuberosity. The fascia lata ends at the knee joint where it then becomes the deep fascia of the leg (the crural fascia). The widened band of fibres descends the lateral thigh and attaches to the lateral tibial condyle on the anterolateral (Gerdy) tubercle. The lateral thickening of fascia lata forms the iliotibial tract and receives tendon insertions superiorly from gluteus maximus and tensor fascia lata. The deep layer of the superficial fascia of the abdominal wall (Scarpa’s fascia) blends with the fascia lata just below the inguinal ligament. The deep iliac fascia descends from the thoracic region at the diaphragm, covers the entire iliacus and psoas regions, and blends with the fascia lata superiorly. The fascia lata is also continuous with other regions of deep and superficial fascia at its superior aspect. Medial – inferior ischiopubic rami, ischial tuberosity, sacrotuberous ligament.Anterior – inguinal ligament, superior pubic rami.The fascia lata arises from multiple superior attachments around the pelvis and hip region: Contraction within each compartment centralises muscle weight and limits outward expansion, which in turn reduces the overall force required for movement at the hip joint.Īn additional property of tensing the fascia lata is that it makes muscle contraction more efficient in compressing deep veins, which ensures adequate venous return to the heart from the lower limbs. When the fascia lata is pulled taut, it forces muscles in the anterior and posterior compartments closer to towards the femur. The property of TFL tightening the fascia lata is analogous to hoisting an elastic stocking up the thigh. When stimulated, the tensor fasciae lata tautens the iliotibial band and braces the knee, especially when the opposite foot is lifted. At the junction of the middle and upper thirds of the thigh, it inserts into the anterior aspect of the iliotibial tract. The muscle originates from the iliac crest and descends inferiorly to the superolateral thigh. It is innervated by the superior gluteal nerve, like gluteus medius and minimus, but is located more anterolaterally than the other gluteal muscles. Its name, however, is derived from its additional role in tensing the fascia lata. The tensor fascia lata is a gluteal muscle that acts as a flexor, abductor, and internal rotator of the hip. Muscular sheath – forms a sheath around the tensor fascia lata muscle.Compartmentalisation – the deepest aspect of ITT extends centrally to form the lateral intermuscular septum of the thigh and attaches to the femur.Movement – acts as an extensor, abductor and lateral rotator of the hip, with an additional role in providing lateral stabilisation to the knee joint.It is located laterally in the thigh, extending from the iliac tubercle to the lateral tibial condyle. The iliotibial tract (sometimes known as the iliotibial band or IT band) is a longitudinal thickening of the fascia lata, which is strengthened superoposteriorly by fibres from the gluteus maximus. The opening serves as an entry point for efferent lymphatic vessels and the great saphenous vein, draining into superficial inguinal lymph nodes and the femoral vein respectively.Īnatomical Relations Iliotibial Tract (ITT) The lateral intermuscular septum is the strongest of the three due to reinforcement from the iliotibial tract (see later), whereas the other two septa are proportionately weaker.Īn ovoid hiatus known as the saphenous opening is present in the fascia lata just inferior to the inguinal ligament. The septa divide the thigh musculature into three compartments anterior, medial, and lateral. The deepest aspect of the fascia lata gives rise to three intermuscular septa that attach centrally to the femur. The fascial investment is thinnest where it covers the adductor muscles of the medial thigh. It is also thick around the knee where the fascia receives reinforcing fibres from tendons of the quadriceps muscles. It is thickest along the superolateral aspect of the thigh, where it arises from the fascial condensations of gluteus maximus and medius. The depth of the fascia lata varies considerably across the thigh. It is continuous with what is renamed the deep fascia of the leg (also known as the crural fascia). It begins proximally around the iliac crest and inguinal ligament and ends distal to the bony prominences of the tibia. The fascia lata is a deep fascial investment of the musculature of the thigh, and is analogous to a strong, extensible, and elasticated stocking.
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